Abstract The environmental destruction around the world has been growing at a massive rate, this has led to various debates surrounding the adequacy of existing international legal mechanisms, in addressing the severe ecological harm. This paper tries to examine whether ecocide should be recognised as a fifth core international crime under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and also evaluates the challenges that are associated with extending criminal a

ABSTRACT What is rape ? Is it only about having sexual intercourse with an adult or minor, fear of intimidation,penetration and manipulating the women’s any body part? Or does it include, against of willingness, lackof free consent(coercion) orabsence of voluntary consent and psychologicalpressure also? Under section 63 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita2023, Rape is committed when a man engages in sexual intercourse or other specified sexual acts involving penetration of a woman

Abstract The Indian prison system, inherited from colonial legislative architecture and largely governed by the Prisons Act of 1894, has long operated on a punitive rather than a reformative premise. This paper undertakes a critical legal and policy analysis of prisoner reforms in India, situating the discourse within the constitutional guarantees of Articles 14, 19, and 21, as interpreted and expanded through landmark judicial pronouncements. The primary objective of this re

Abstract Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) have become a fundamental pillar of modern economies by safeguarding innovation, creativity, and technological advancement. As nations increasingly rely on knowledge based industries, effective intellectual property protection encourages individuals, researchers, and businesses to invest in research and development while ensuring that creators receive appropriate legal recognition and economic rewards. A well-functioning IPR system

-ABSTRACT- Emergency arbitration addresses the period between the commencement of a dispute and the establishment of arbitral panels. Nevertheless, in the context of India, there is no legal provision regarding emergency arbitration under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. As such, this study argues that the Indian scenario qualifies as de facto recognition devoid of legal recognition. By critically analysing the Amazon.com NV Investment Holdings LLC v Future Retail

ABSTRACT The issue of marital rape remains one of the most contested and unsolved legal debates in India. While rape is criminalized under Indian Law, sexual intercourse by a husband with his wife continues to remain exempt from prosecution under the marital rape exception, historically contained under Exception 2 to Section 375 of the IndianmPenal Code, 1860. This legal position has generated intense constitutional, social, and judicial debate concerning the autonomy, dignit

Abstract This paper examines the evolving landscape of corporate liability resulting from data breaches, analyzing intersection of statutory compliance, tort litigation and fiduciary duties..As cyber threats increase in both sophistication and frequency, corporations face heightened exposure to regulatory penalties, shareholder derivative suits and class-action litigation from affected consumers. Investigating the enforcement mechanisms of frameworks such as General Data Prot

Abstract The DPIIT Working Paper on Licensing Generative AI (December, 2025), called One Nation, One License, One Payment, sets out to create a mandatory universal licensing framework- managed by a designated collecting agency (CRCAT), to regulate the use of copyright protected materials as input data for generative AI systems. Despite its ambitious design, the framework suffers significantly from its lack of provisions regarding dispute resolution. This article will explore

ABSTRACT This paper examines the legal and constitutional framework governing encounter killings in India, with particular emphasis on the use of lethal force by law enforcement authorities. It analyses the provisions of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 and the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, along with important judicial pronouncements relating to police accountability and the protection of fundamental rights. The study further explores the historical, institution

Abstract This research paper presents a comparative legal critique of the structural interplay between shareholder activism and board prerogative, focusing on the jurisdictions of the United States (primarily Delaware corporate law) and India. As institutional investors globally pivot from passive capital providers to active corporate monitors, corporate governance frameworks face an existential tension between managerial discretion and shareholder democracy. This paper exami

ABSTRACT Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) are legal rights granted to individuals and organizations for their intellectual creations. They encourage innovation, creativity, technological advancement, and economic development by providing exclusive rights over inventions, literary and artistic works, designs, trademarks, and other intellectual creations. In today's knowledge-driven economy, intellectual property has become one of the most valuable assets for businesses, rese

ABSTRACT Manual scavenging, defined as the practice of removing human excreta by hand from drains, latrines and sewers, continues to be a major cause of concern in terms of health, environmental and human rights in India. Although India's Constitution and laws prohibit the practice of manual scavenging and seek to provide for the rehabilitation of its practitioners, thousands of sanitation workers – particularly those from vulnerable and oppressed communities continue to

Abstract India’s judiciary faces a persistent backlog of lakhs of cases, causing significant delays in hearings, wastage of time, resources and money. The evolution of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanism, particularly mediation, has paved the way for fasten, fairer, and more accessible justice. Mediation has been one of the most effective ADR methods- not only because it is quicker but also because it is understandable and collaborative. Even before the Mediation A

Abstract In India, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a pressing priority for businesses, especially in sectors like e-commerce, transportation, digital platforms, and financial services. AI applications are now a mainstay in industries for pricing, demand forecasting, and strategic planning. These advancements have improved operational efficiency and decision-making, but they've also introduced new hurdles in competition law enforcement. Algorithmically collusive be

Abstract The Serious Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO) has emerged as India's premier agency for investigating complex corporate fraud under the Companies Act, 2013. Vested with sweeping coercive powers—including the authority to arrest, search, and seize—the SFIO operates in a legal landscape where the boundaries between regulatory enforcement and criminal prosecution have grown increasingly blurred. This paper critically examines those coercive powers against the constituti

Abstract: Mob lynching has emerged as one of the gravest threats to the rule of law in contemporary India, manifesting as extra-judicial violence perpetrated by organised groups against individuals based on religion, caste, rumour, or perceived transgression of social norms. This paper examines the phenomenon of mob lynching in India through a tripartite lens encompassing its socio-political context, the existing legal architecture governing such violence, and the policy resp

Abstract AI (artificial intelligence) is arguably one of the greatest technological developments of the 21st century and has already had major impacts on corporate governance structures, corporate decision-making, compliance systems and commercial operations. Increasingly, various sectors within the Indian economy are using AI to improve efficiencies in their operations including recruitment, e-commerce, customer service, finance such as tax planning or financial analysis, ri

ABSTRACT Regulation of commercial use of consumer data by artificial intelligence system. Artificial system has completely transformed how consumer data is used processed and collected and misused in Indias rapidly growing digital economy and becoming worlds-largest digital economy, while DPDPA 2023 marks India’s first step towards data protection, serious questions are raised that it gives complete data protection or not from data misuse. The study examines how AI systems co

Abstract Human rights and social justice are fundamental principles that promote human dignity, equality, freedom, and fairness in society. Human rights refer to the basic rights and freedoms that belong to every individual regardless of nationality, race, religion, gender, or social status. Social justice focuses on the fair distribution of resources, opportunities, and privileges within society. Together, these concepts form the foundation of democratic governance and susta

Abstract Solitary confinement for juveniles persists across American detention facilities despite growing judicial recognition that children occupy a constitutionally distinct category from adults. The Supreme Court’s trilogy of Roper, Graham, and Miller has progressively anchored Eighth Amendment protection in what developmental neuroscience reveals about adolescent cognition and capacity for change. Yet conditions of confinement within those same facilities have received fa